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1.
Med Intensiva ; 38(9): 575-9, 2014 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24786750

RESUMO

Technology and insertion techniques for cardiac temporary internal pacing have experienced a remarkable development over the last few years. Despite this fact, the procedure continues to have potentially fatal associated complications. Temporary internal pacing is indicated for the treatment of bradyarrhythmias or tachyarrhythmias refractory to conventional treatment, or arrhythmias causing cardiovascular or clinical instability of the patient. On the other hand, the indications of temporary cardiac pacing are far less well defined than those of permanent pacing. Since the decision of implementing temporary pacing is complex and delicate, it should always be carefully considered, and over-indication should be avoided. We must base these decisions on robust knowledge of the arrhythmias that may benefit from temporary internal pacing, and should also acquire the habit of considering external temporary pacing among other less aggressive treatments, and to make the best use of new technologies such as echocardiography that add accuracy to the procedure.


Assuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas/cirurgia , Marca-Passo Artificial , Humanos , Marca-Passo Artificial/efeitos adversos , Implantação de Prótese/efeitos adversos , Implantação de Prótese/métodos , Fatores de Tempo , Veias
4.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 35(5): 312-316, jun.-jul. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-92812

RESUMO

La válvula de Boussignac se ha convertido en un elemento a tener en cuenta en el manejo el edema agudo de pulmón. Gracias a su capacidad para generar presión positiva continua en la vía aérea (CPAP) y su simplicidad, su utilización se está extendiendo en los servicios de emergencias y de urgencias y las plantas de hospitalización. Consiste en un pequeño tubo que se coloca sobre el puerto espiratorio de la mascarilla. El flujo (oxígeno/aire) se acelera al pasar a través de cuatro microcanales que existen en la pared de la válvula, y por el principio de la energía en movimiento, consiguen presurizar el árbol bronquial. Su sistema de funcionamiento, no hermético, permite el paso de una sonda a través de ella para asistir al paciente (beber, alimentarse, aspirar, etc.). Ello la capacita para ampliar su utilización en pacientes que, estando en situación límite, necesitan pruebas diagnósticas que pudieran empeorar la situación respiratoria, como los procedimientos endoscópicos. Presentamos a 3 pacientes críticos a los que se administró CPAP con una válvula de Boussignac acoplada a una mascarilla orofacial durante la realización de dos fibrobroncoscopias y una endoscopia digestiva alta. Los 3 casos culminaron con éxito y no se necesitó la intubación orotraqueal (AU)


Boussignac valve is a new resource to consider in acute pulmonary edema cardiogenicmanagement. As it generates positive airways pressure continuous (CPAP) and it is very simpleto use, its use is being extended to emergency, urgency and hospitalization ward services.This valve is a small tube placed over the interface expiratory port. The gas flow (oxygen/air)accelerates when it crosses through four microchannels in the valve wall, pressurizing thebronchial tree by the principle of the energy in movement. It has a functioning, not hermeticsystem, allowing the passage of a catheter through it to help the patient (to drink, to eat, toaspirate, etc.). These characteristics make it possible to extend it use in those patients who,in extreme conditions, need diagnostic tests that could deteriorate their respiratory situation, such as endoscopy procedures. We report three critical patients who received CPAP with aBoussignac valve connected to an orofacial interface, while performing two fibrobronchoscopiesand one upper digestive tract endoscopy. All finished successfully and none of them needorotracheal intubation (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Edema Pulmonar/terapia , Ventilação com Pressão Positiva Intermitente , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Broncoscopia/métodos , Respiração Artificial/instrumentação , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/métodos
5.
Rev Esp Quimioter ; 24(1): 13-24, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21412665

RESUMO

Infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria are a serious problem and is associated with high mortality. Among them, we should highlight those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Primary bacteremia, catheter-related bloodstream infections and constitute the main presentations. Vancomycin has traditionally been the treatment of choice for these infections, but its activity is not satisfactory especially in cases of MRSA with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 1 mg/L. Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic active against Gram-positive bacteria including MRSA and glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus spp.It is worth mentioning that daptomycin is rapidly bactericidal against methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, more potent than vancomycin and at least as active as isoxazole penicillins. This article discusses the role of this antibiotic in the empirical treatment of infections and directed by Gram-positive bacteria affecting critically ill patients.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Daptomicina/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/tratamento farmacológico , Cuidados Críticos , Estado Terminal , Daptomicina/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles/microbiologia , Vancomicina/uso terapêutico , Resistência a Vancomicina
6.
Med Intensiva ; 35(5): 312-6, 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21194802

RESUMO

Boussignac valve is a new resource to consider in acute pulmonary edema cardiogenic management. As it generates positive airways pressure continuous (CPAP) and it is very simple to use, its use is being extended to emergency, urgency and hospitalization ward services. This valve is a small tube placed over the interface expiratory port. The gas flow (oxygen/air) accelerates when it crosses through four microchannels in the valve wall, pressurizing the bronchial tree by the principle of the energy in movement. It has a functioning, not hermetic system, allowing the passage of a catheter through it to help the patient (to drink, to eat, to aspirate, etc.). These characteristics make it possible to extend it use in those patients who, in extreme conditions, need diagnostic tests that could deteriorate their respiratory situation, such as endoscopy procedures. We report three critical patients who received CPAP with a Boussignac valve connected to an orofacial interface, while performing two fibrobronchoscopies and one upper digestive tract endoscopy. All finished successfully and none of them need orotracheal intubation.


Assuntos
Pressão Positiva Contínua nas Vias Aéreas/instrumentação , Insuficiência Respiratória/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Estado Terminal/terapia , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
7.
Enferm. intensiva (Ed. impr.) ; 21(2): 74-82, abr.-jun. 2010. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-84011

RESUMO

Las complicaciones pulmonares en el paciente crítico, derivadas de la enfermedad de base, inmovilidad e infecciones nosocomiales, representan uno de los mayores problemas a la hora de manejarlo. Los programas de fisioterapia respiratoria ayudan a resolver algunos de estos problemas. Sin embargo, la evidencia disponible es escasa no solo en los pacientes críticos, sino también en los crónicos ambulatorios. En los últimos años las técnicas de fisioterapia aplicadas en los pacientes crónicos están siendo utilizadas en pacientes críticos, mejorando la oxigenación, compliance y limpieza de secreciones, aunque sin efectos sobre la estancia media y la mortalidad. En este artículo se revisan las recomendaciones de las sociedades científicas relacionadas con la fisioterapia en pacientes críticos y se exponen las diferentes técnicas (AU)


Pulmonary complications in critical patient, derived from the baseline disease, immobility and nosocomial infections, are one of the major problems in their management. Respiratory physiotherapy programs help to solve some of these problems. However, the available evidence is scarce both critical patients and chronic out-patients. In recent years, the physiotherapy techniques applied in chronic patients are being used in critical patients, improving oxygenation, compliance and aspiration of secretions, although without effects on mean stay and mortality. This article reviews the recommendations of the scientific societies related with physiotherapy in critical patients and presents the different techniques (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Terapia Respiratória , Estado Terminal/terapia , Pulmão , Terapia Respiratória/instrumentação , Doença Aguda , Desenho de Equipamento , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto
8.
Enferm Intensiva ; 21(2): 74-82, 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20417141

RESUMO

Pulmonary complications in critical patient, derived from the baseline disease, immobility and nosocomial infections, are one of the major problems in their management. Respiratory physiotherapy programs help to solve some of these problems. However, the available evidence is scarce both critical patients and chronic out-patients. In recent years, the physiotherapy techniques applied in chronic patients are being used in critical patients, improving oxygenation, compliance and aspiration of secretions, although without effects on mean stay and mortality. This article reviews the recommendations of the scientific societies related with physiotherapy in critical patients and presents the different techniques.


Assuntos
Estado Terminal/terapia , Pulmão/metabolismo , Terapia Respiratória , Doença Aguda , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Terapia Respiratória/instrumentação
9.
Enferm Intensiva ; 19(4): 204-12, 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19080878

RESUMO

Objective during the application of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in acute respiratory failure is, as occurs in conventional mechanical ventilation, to improve gas exchange. Expiratory pressure is applied to favour recruitment of collapsed alveoli, improving oxygenation. Inspiratory pressure use on airway aids respiratory muscle rest and decrease respiratory work, which has a direct repercussion in decreasing oxygen consumption. The NIV preserves defence mechanisms of the patients airway intact, which noticeably decreases appearance of mechanical ventilation associated pneumonia, with subsequent benefit in health care cost, stay and morbidity-mortality. We have reviewed the literature available regarding respiratory modes used in NIV, patient monitoring, humidification, and inhaled drug administration. However, the benefits of NIV are obtained when success of the technique is reached; this is depending on patients' collaboration, adequate indication, underlying disease, material resources available, and mainly, training and dedication of the personnel applying the respiratory support.


Assuntos
Respiração Artificial/métodos , Aerossóis , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Umidade , Monitorização Fisiológica , Ventiladores Mecânicos
10.
Enferm. intensiva (Ed. impr.) ; 19(4): 204-212, oct.-dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-70750

RESUMO

El objetivo durante la aplicación de la ventilación noinvasiva (VNI) en los pacientes con insuficienciarespiratoria aguda es, al igual que en la ventilaciónmecánica convencional, mejorar el intercambiogaseoso. Al aplicar una presión espiratoria se favoreceel reclutamiento de los alvéolos colapsadosmejorando la oxigenación. El uso de la presióninspiratoria sobre la vía aérea asiste al músculorespiratorio para ponerlo en reposo y disminuir eltrabajo respiratorio, lo que repercute directamentedisminuyendo el consumo de oxígeno. Estosbeneficios, además, se consiguen preservandointactos los mecanismos de defensa de la vía aérea delpaciente, lo que disminuye sensiblemente laaparición de neumonía asociada a ventilaciónmecánica, con el subsiguiente beneficio en el gastosanitario, los días de ingreso y la morbimortalidad.Revisamos la literatura disponible sobre los modosrespiratorios más utilizados en VNI, las característicasde los respiradores, las diferencias entre los sistemasconvencionales de cuidados intensivos y losrespiradores específicos de VNI, la monitorizacióndel paciente, la humidificación y la administración defármacos por vía inhalada. Sin embargo, losbeneficios de la VNI sólo se obtienen cuando sealcanza el éxito de la técnica, que depende de lacolaboración del paciente, una adecuada indicación,la enfermedad que origine la insuficiencia respiratoriaaguda, los recursos materiales disponibles y,fundamentalmente, la formación, dedicación ydisponibilidad del personal que aplica el soporterespiratorio


Objective during the application of noninvasiveventilation (NIV) in acute respiratory failure is, asoccurs in conventional mechanical ventilation, toimprove gas exchange. Expiratory pressure isapplied to favour recruitment of collapsed alveoli,improving oxygenation. Inspiratory pressure useon airway aids respiratory muscle rest anddecrease respiratory work, which has a directrepercussion in decreasing oxygen consumption. The NIV preserves defence mechanisms of thepatient’s airway intact, which noticeably decreasesappearance of mechanical ventilation associatedpneumonia, with subsequent benefit in health carecost, stay and morbidity-mortality. We havereviewed the literature available regardingrespiratory modes used in NIV, patient monitoring,humidification, and inhaled drug administration.However, the benefits of NIV are obtained whensuccess of the technique is reached; this isdepending on patients’ collaboration, adequateindication, underlying disease, material resourcesavailable, and mainly, training and dedication ofthe personnel applying the respiratory support


Assuntos
Humanos , Respiração Artificial/métodos , Aerossóis/uso terapêutico , Respiração Artificial/enfermagem , Umidade , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos , Pressão Positiva Contínua nas Vias Aéreas , Ventiladores Mecânicos
13.
Enferm Intensiva ; 18(4): 187-95, 2007.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18053497

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Non-invasive ventilation is a respiratory support method that has gained ground in the management of patients with acute respiratory failure. Currently, it has become a first line instrument in the treatment of respiratory failure of the critical patient. Scientific evidence supports its use in patients with acute lung edema, acute hypercapnic respiratory failure, immunosuppressed patients and patients with atelectasis. The objectives of this review are 1, introduce the reader to the non-invasive ventilation; 2, inform on the basics of its use in critical patients; and 3, the management of the interphase in acute situations. To do so, the bibliography available on it in databases (Medline and Cochrane) and published textbooks were used. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of the technique require careful dedication of the health care personnel, with adequate knowledge about the technology involved in addition to the collaboration of the patients to make it successful.


Assuntos
Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Respiração Artificial/métodos , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Máscaras , Respiração Artificial/instrumentação
14.
Enferm. intensiva (Ed. impr.) ; 18(4): 187-195, oct. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-058891

RESUMO

Introducción. La ventilación no invasiva es un método de soporte respiratorio que ha ganado terreno en el manejo de los pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda, en el momento actual se ha convertido en un arma de primera línea en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia respiratoria del paciente crítico. La evidencia científica avala su utilización en pacientes con edema agudo de pulmón, insuficiencia respiratoria aguda hipercápnica, pacientes inmunosuprimidos y atelectasias. Los objetivos de esta revisión son introducir al lector a la ventilación no invasiva; dar a conocer los fundamentos de su utilización en los pacientes críticos; y el manejo de la interfase en situaciones agudas. Para ello se ha utilizado la bibliografía disponible al respecto en bases de datos (Medline y Cochranne) y libros de texto publicados. Conclusiones. Las características de la técnica hacen necesaria la dedicación meticulosa del personal sanitario, con conocimientos adecuados de la tecnología implicada, además de la colaboración del paciente para conseguir el éxito


Introduction: Non-invasive ventilation is a respiratory support method that has gained ground in the management of patients with acute respiratory failure. Currently, it has become a first line instrument in the treatment of respiratory failure of the critical patient. Scientific evidence supports its use in patients with acute lung edema, acute hypercapnic respiratory failure, immunosuppressed patients and patients with atelectasis. The objectives of this review are 1, introduce the reader to the non-invasive ventilation; 2, inform on the basics of its use in critical patients; and 3, the management of the interphase in acute situations. To do so, the bibliography available on it in databases (Medline and Cochrane) and published textbooks were used. Conclusions: The characteristics of the technique require careful dedication of the health care personnel, with adequate knowledge about the technology involved in addition to the collaboration of the patients to make it successful


Assuntos
Humanos , Respiração Artificial/métodos , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos , Intubação Intratraqueal/métodos , Máscaras Laríngeas , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos
15.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 26(9): 459-462, nov. 2002. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-16652

RESUMO

El traumatismo abdominal cerrado puede conducir a la devascularización del intestino y, excepcionalmente, surgir una perforación intestinal días después; en estos casos, la morbimortalidad alcanza el 25 per cent, y las manifestaciones clínicas varían desde el dolor abdominal con signos de peritonismo hasta el shock séptico. Sin embargo, en los pacientes críticos bajo sedoanalgesia, la exploración abdominal está interferida y la morbimortalidad puede ser mayor. Presentamos el caso de un paciente politraumatizado ingresado en una unidad de cuidados intensivos que presentó disfunción multiorgánica secundaria a una perforación diferida del sigma que le condujo a la muerte. Se revisa la bibliografía y se discuten las posibilidades diagnósticas en los pacientes críticos inestables con sospecha de peritonitis aguda (AU)


Assuntos
Idoso , Masculino , Humanos , Traumatismos Abdominais/complicações , Perfuração Intestinal/etiologia , Evolução Fatal , Fatores de Risco
18.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 13(1): 50-52, feb. 2001.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-22038

RESUMO

El síndrome de shock tóxico es un proceso multisistémico grave caracterizado por fiebre elevada, hipotensión arterial, eritema difuso con descamación posterior y afectación de, al menos, tres sistemas orgánicos. El cuadro es la consecuencia de la actuación de exotoxinas, principalmente estafilocócicas, producidas en un foco de infección que pasa desapercibido ; el más relacionado han sido los tampones hiperabsorbentes, pero también puede ser una mucosa, una infección cutánea, abscesos, neumonías o heridas quirúrgicas. Presentamos un caso aparecido 6 días después de una mastectomía radical. Los casos resultantes de heridas quirúrgicas tienen el problema diagnóstico del buen aspecto habitual de la herida. Actualmente se añade el problema de la posible presentación ambulatoria dada la generalización de la cirugía ambulatoria y la tendencia al alta hospitalaria precoz, especialmente cuando la clínica aparece tardíamente. Todo esto hace imprescindible que en el medio ambulatorio y en la urgencia hospitalaria se considere este síndrome en el diagnóstico diferencial de los exantemas eritematosos (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Mastectomia Radical/efeitos adversos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/microbiologia , Choque Séptico/diagnóstico , Tratamento de Emergência/métodos , Exantema/microbiologia , Eritema/microbiologia
19.
J Electrocardiol ; 33(4): 387-91, 2000 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11099364

RESUMO

A concept generally accepted in clinical electrocardiography is the assumption that a right bundle branch block (RBBB) does not alter significantly the initial portion of the QRS complex and because the left bundle branch is intact, the septum is activated normally in a left-to-right direction. We report a woman with an acute anterior myocardial infarction (MI) in which a small R wave was present in leads V1 and V4, but with the development of RBBB associated with PR-interval prolongation, these R waves were replaced by Q waves. Subsequently, the electrocardiographic features of anterior MI disappeared concomitantly with the loss of RBBB. The clinical and electrophysiologic implications of these findings are discussed.


Assuntos
Bloqueio de Ramo/diagnóstico , Eletrocardiografia , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico , Idoso , Bloqueio de Ramo/fisiopatologia , Dor no Peito/etiologia , Angiografia Coronária , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Tempo
20.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 24(7): 321-323, oct. 2000. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-3511

RESUMO

La ascitis quilosa es una complicación extremadamente infrecuente de la cirugía aórtica abdominal, que puede ocasionar problemas nutricionales, deficiencias inmunológicas y alteraciones respiratorias. El diagnóstico de la ascitis quilosa se basa en la paracentesis abdominal que revela un líquido lechoso, sin olor, estéril, con un pH alcalino, unas proteínas totales > 3 g/dl, una cantidad de grasa total entre 0,4 y 4,0 g/dl (triglicéridos > 1.000 mg/dl) y escasa cantidad de leucocitos con predominio linfocítico. Se presenta un paciente con ascitis quilosa en el postoperatorio de un aneurisma aórtico infrarrenal parcialmente roto. El tratamiento consistió en el drenaje de la ascitis, el establecimiento de una dieta absoluta oral y una nutrición parenteral total y, finalmente, el cambio a una nutrición enteral con triglicéridos de cadena media. El paciente falleció por un cuadro de fallo multiorgánico, sin relación alguna con la ascitis quilosa. (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Paracentese/métodos , Aorta/cirurgia , Aorta/patologia , Doenças da Aorta/cirurgia , Doenças da Aorta/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão , Prognóstico , Ascite Quilosa/complicações , Ascite Quilosa/diagnóstico , Triglicerídeos/administração & dosagem , Triglicerídeos/uso terapêutico , Nutrição Enteral/métodos , Nutrição Enteral
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